What principle of ORM emphasizes managing by planning?

The principle of ORM that emphasizes managing by planning highlights the importance of thoroughly preparing and strategizing before undertaking any operation or task. This approach ensures that potential risks are identified, assessed, and mitigated through comprehensive planning. It encourages leaders and Marines to anticipate challenges and devise effective solutions in advance, rather than reacting to issues as they arise.

By prioritizing planning, this principle fosters a proactive mindset, making it easier to allocate resources efficiently, set achievable goals, and enhance overall mission success. Planning also facilitates better communication and coordination among team members, which is crucial for executing complex operations safely and effectively.

In contrast, the other principles, such as making decisions at the appropriate level, addressing unnecessary risk, and ensuring that benefits outweigh costs, contribute to the overall framework of risk management, but they do not specifically emphasize the act of planning as a core component. Thus, the focus of "manage by planning" distinctly aligns with optimal preparation and foresight in the ORM process.